{"argument_date":"2003-10-15T00:00:00Z","arguments":[{"argument_date":"2003-10-15T00:00:00Z","heading":"What happened at the argument","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2003","official_transcript_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2003/02-473.pdf","paragraphs":["David Salmons argued the officers followed proper procedure. He stated they knocked loudly and announced their purpose. He noted they waited at least 15 to 20 seconds. He claimed this satisfied the legal requirement.","Mr. Roske argued the wait was insufficient. He stated the case tests the refusal component of the rule. He claimed the lower court's action deters police misconduct. He argued the door's value exceeds 15 seconds.","Chief Justice Rehnquist asked if the rule applied in 1791. He questioned the historical basis of the government's position. He then closed the oral argument session."],"reargument":false,"sequence":1,"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 17-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2003/02-473.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 17-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 5-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2003/02-473.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 5-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 30, lines 15-60","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2003/02-473.pdf","page_label":"file page 30, lines 15-60"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 50, lines 43-3","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2003/02-473.pdf","page_label":"file page 50, lines 43-3"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 52, lines 5-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2003/02-473.pdf","page_label":"file page 52, lines 5-17"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 53, lines 5-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2003/02-473.pdf","page_label":"file page 53, lines 5-9"}]}],"caption":"United States v. Banks","case_history":[{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:31.017886Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"},{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:31.028351Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"}],"case_status":"argued","dek":"Police waited 15 to 20 seconds before entering a home. The lower court excluded the evidence found inside.","dek_sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 17-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2003/02-473.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 17-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 30, lines 15-60","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2003/02-473.pdf","page_label":"file page 30, lines 15-60"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 50, lines 43-3","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2003/02-473.pdf","page_label":"file page 50, lines 43-3"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 52, lines 5-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2003/02-473.pdf","page_label":"file page 52, lines 5-17"}],"dispositions":[],"latest_court_document_date":"2003-10-15T00:00:00Z","maturity":"official_transcript","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2003","official_disposition_urls":[],"official_docket_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/docket/docketfiles/html/public/02-473.html","primary_docket":"02-473","revisions":[{"correction_note":"Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.","created_at":"2026-08-31T22:28:59.991727Z","maturity":"official_transcript","revision_number":1},{"correction_note":"Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.","created_at":"2026-09-05T03:22:24Z","maturity":"official_transcript","revision_number":2}],"schema_version":"1.1","sections":[{"heading":"What this case is about","paragraphs":["The government wants the court to admit the evidence. The defendant wants the court to keep the evidence out."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 17-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2003/02-473.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 17-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 30, lines 15-60","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2003/02-473.pdf","page_label":"file page 30, lines 15-60"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 50, lines 43-3","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2003/02-473.pdf","page_label":"file page 50, lines 43-3"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 52, lines 5-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2003/02-473.pdf","page_label":"file page 52, lines 5-17"}]},{"heading":"How the case got here","paragraphs":["The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on October 15, 2003."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 5-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2003/02-473.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 5-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 53, lines 5-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2003/02-473.pdf","page_label":"file page 53, lines 5-9"}]},{"heading":"What each side wants","paragraphs":["The government wants the court to admit the evidence found in the apartment.","The defendant wants the court to keep the evidence out of the trial."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 17-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2003/02-473.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 17-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 30, lines 15-60","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2003/02-473.pdf","page_label":"file page 30, lines 15-60"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 50, lines 43-3","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2003/02-473.pdf","page_label":"file page 50, lines 43-3"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 52, lines 5-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2003/02-473.pdf","page_label":"file page 52, lines 5-17"}]},{"heading":"What each side says","paragraphs":["The government argues the officers followed the law by knocking and waiting.","The defendant argues the wait was too short to protect home privacy."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 17-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2003/02-473.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 17-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 30, lines 15-60","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2003/02-473.pdf","page_label":"file page 30, lines 15-60"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 50, lines 43-3","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2003/02-473.pdf","page_label":"file page 50, lines 43-3"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 52, lines 5-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2003/02-473.pdf","page_label":"file page 52, lines 5-17"}]},{"heading":"What the justices asked","paragraphs":["Chief Justice Rehnquist asked if the rule would have applied in 1791."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 53, lines 5-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2003/02-473.pdf","page_label":"file page 53, lines 5-9"}]},{"heading":"Why it matters","paragraphs":["This case defines how long police must wait before entering a home. It sets the standard for future search warrant executions. It balances law enforcement needs against private home safety."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 17-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2003/02-473.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 17-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 30, lines 15-60","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2003/02-473.pdf","page_label":"file page 30, lines 15-60"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 50, lines 43-3","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2003/02-473.pdf","page_label":"file page 50, lines 43-3"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 52, lines 5-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2003/02-473.pdf","page_label":"file page 52, lines 5-17"}]},{"heading":"What happens next","paragraphs":["This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 5-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2003/02-473.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 5-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 53, lines 5-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2003/02-473.pdf","page_label":"file page 53, lines 5-9"}]}],"slug":"2003-02-473-united-states-v-banks","term":"2003","title":"Does a 15-second wait satisfy the knock-and-announce rule?","title_sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 17-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2003/02-473.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 17-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 30, lines 15-60","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2003/02-473.pdf","page_label":"file page 30, lines 15-60"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 50, lines 43-3","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2003/02-473.pdf","page_label":"file page 50, lines 43-3"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 52, lines 5-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2003/02-473.pdf","page_label":"file page 52, lines 5-17"}],"topics":[],"undated_disposition_date_fallback":null,"updated_at":"2026-09-05T03:22:24Z"}