{"argument_date":"2003-04-29T00:00:00Z","arguments":[{"argument_date":"2003-04-29T00:00:00Z","heading":"What happened at the argument","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2002","official_transcript_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2002/02-182.pdf","paragraphs":["David Walbert argued for Georgia. He cited six decades of integration policy. He said the new map fits this trend.","John Braden argued for opponents. He claimed the map is a calculated scheme. He said it moves Black voters to weaken their districts.","questions_asked_by_justices"],"reargument":false,"sequence":1,"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 28, lines 23-5","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2002/02-182.pdf","page_label":"file page 28, lines 23-5"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 15-60","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2002/02-182.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 15-60"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 5-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2002/02-182.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 5-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 43, lines 39-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2002/02-182.pdf","page_label":"file page 43, lines 39-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 52, lines 1-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2002/02-182.pdf","page_label":"file page 52, lines 1-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 52, lines 35-11","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2002/02-182.pdf","page_label":"file page 52, lines 35-11"}]}],"caption":"Georgia v. Ashcroft","case_history":[{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:36.526111Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"},{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:36.557042Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"}],"case_status":"argued","dek":"Georgia argues its new map complies with federal law. Opponents claim the plan dilutes Black voting power.","dek_sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 28, lines 23-5","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2002/02-182.pdf","page_label":"file page 28, lines 23-5"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 15-60","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2002/02-182.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 15-60"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 43, lines 39-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2002/02-182.pdf","page_label":"file page 43, lines 39-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 52, lines 1-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2002/02-182.pdf","page_label":"file page 52, lines 1-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 52, lines 35-11","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2002/02-182.pdf","page_label":"file page 52, lines 35-11"}],"dispositions":[],"latest_court_document_date":"2003-04-29T00:00:00Z","maturity":"official_transcript","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2002","official_disposition_urls":[],"official_docket_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/docket/docketfiles/html/public/02-182.html","primary_docket":"02-182","revisions":[{"correction_note":"Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.","created_at":"2026-08-31T16:14:49.571870Z","maturity":"official_transcript","revision_number":1},{"correction_note":"Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.","created_at":"2026-09-05T03:22:24Z","maturity":"official_transcript","revision_number":2}],"schema_version":"1.1","sections":[{"heading":"What this case is about","paragraphs":["This case tests how courts compare new voting maps to old ones. Georgia wants its plan approved. Critics say the plan harms Black voters."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 28, lines 23-5","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2002/02-182.pdf","page_label":"file page 28, lines 23-5"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 15-60","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2002/02-182.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 15-60"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 43, lines 39-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2002/02-182.pdf","page_label":"file page 43, lines 39-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 52, lines 1-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2002/02-182.pdf","page_label":"file page 52, lines 1-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 52, lines 35-11","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2002/02-182.pdf","page_label":"file page 52, lines 35-11"}]},{"heading":"How the case got here","paragraphs":["The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on April 29, 2003."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 5-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2002/02-182.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 5-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 52, lines 1-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2002/02-182.pdf","page_label":"file page 52, lines 1-23"}]},{"heading":"What each side wants","paragraphs":["Georgia wants the Court to approve its new district map.","Opponents want the Court to reject the map as discriminatory."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 28, lines 23-5","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2002/02-182.pdf","page_label":"file page 28, lines 23-5"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 15-60","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2002/02-182.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 15-60"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 43, lines 39-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2002/02-182.pdf","page_label":"file page 43, lines 39-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 52, lines 1-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2002/02-182.pdf","page_label":"file page 52, lines 1-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 52, lines 35-11","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2002/02-182.pdf","page_label":"file page 52, lines 35-11"}]},{"heading":"What each side says","paragraphs":["Georgia argues the new map fits national integration policies.","Opponents argue the map lowers Black voting strength."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 28, lines 23-5","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2002/02-182.pdf","page_label":"file page 28, lines 23-5"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 15-60","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2002/02-182.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 15-60"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 43, lines 39-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2002/02-182.pdf","page_label":"file page 43, lines 39-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 52, lines 1-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2002/02-182.pdf","page_label":"file page 52, lines 1-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 52, lines 35-11","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2002/02-182.pdf","page_label":"file page 52, lines 35-11"}]},{"heading":"What the justices asked","paragraphs":["How should courts compare new maps to old practices?","Does moving voters between districts dilute Black influence?"],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 28, lines 23-5","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2002/02-182.pdf","page_label":"file page 28, lines 23-5"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 15-60","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2002/02-182.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 15-60"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 5-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2002/02-182.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 5-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 43, lines 39-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2002/02-182.pdf","page_label":"file page 43, lines 39-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 52, lines 1-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2002/02-182.pdf","page_label":"file page 52, lines 1-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 52, lines 35-11","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2002/02-182.pdf","page_label":"file page 52, lines 35-11"}]},{"heading":"Why it matters","paragraphs":["This case defines how states draw voting districts. It shapes who holds political power. It affects representation for minority communities."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 28, lines 23-5","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2002/02-182.pdf","page_label":"file page 28, lines 23-5"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 15-60","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2002/02-182.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 15-60"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 43, lines 39-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2002/02-182.pdf","page_label":"file page 43, lines 39-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 52, lines 1-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2002/02-182.pdf","page_label":"file page 52, lines 1-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 52, lines 35-11","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2002/02-182.pdf","page_label":"file page 52, lines 35-11"}]},{"heading":"What happens next","paragraphs":["This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 28, lines 23-5","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2002/02-182.pdf","page_label":"file page 28, lines 23-5"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 15-60","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2002/02-182.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 15-60"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 5-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2002/02-182.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 5-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 43, lines 39-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2002/02-182.pdf","page_label":"file page 43, lines 39-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 52, lines 1-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2002/02-182.pdf","page_label":"file page 52, lines 1-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 52, lines 35-11","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2002/02-182.pdf","page_label":"file page 52, lines 35-11"}]}],"slug":"2002-02-182-georgia-v-ashcroft","term":"2002","title":"Does Georgia's redistricting plan violate federal voting rights laws?","title_sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 28, lines 23-5","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2002/02-182.pdf","page_label":"file page 28, lines 23-5"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 3, lines 15-60","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2002/02-182.pdf","page_label":"file page 3, lines 15-60"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 43, lines 39-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2002/02-182.pdf","page_label":"file page 43, lines 39-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 52, lines 1-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2002/02-182.pdf","page_label":"file page 52, lines 1-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 52, lines 35-11","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/pdfs/transcripts/2002/02-182.pdf","page_label":"file page 52, lines 35-11"}],"topics":[],"undated_disposition_date_fallback":null,"updated_at":"2026-09-05T03:22:24Z"}