This educational guide is based on the linked primary sources. It is not a Court publication, is not affiliated with the Court, and is not legal advice.
In brief
Overview
Background and question before the Court
Justice Ginsburg asked, “What is the legal standard?”
Justice Breyer asked how the Court should apply the five (or more) factors listed in the appendix.
According to Justice Gorsuch, justice Gorsuch wondered whether the Court should wait for the courts of appeals to resolve the issues before deciding the standard of review.
What each side argues
Mr. Cross (Petitioner)
Mr. Cross argued that there is a substantial need for uniformity in bankruptcy law.
Mr. Geyser (Petitioner)
Mr. Geyser contended that the petitioners’ theory would require at least three appellate judges over two rounds of review to recreate the evidentiary record and redo trial‑court fact‑finding.
Gregory A. Cross (Petitioner)
Gregory A. Cross argued that the case turns on who satisfies insider status under the Bankruptcy Code and that the Court should review that question de novo.
What happened at oral argument
The oral argument began at 10:03 a.m. before the Supreme Court of the United States.
What the Court decided
Why it matters
Terms to know
No glossary terms are available for this guide.
Primary sources
Read the source materials on the official site or open the immutable repository copy used for this guide.
- ffa1cfb0b1de8f6f4587-r1-611459431731b013.pdforal argument transcript
Guide generated September 25, 2026. Automated validation accepted this version.