This educational guide is based on the linked primary sources. It is not a Court publication, is not affiliated with the Court, and is not legal advice.
In brief
Overview
Background and question before the Court
What each side argues
What happened at oral argument
Justice Ginsburg asked: “Mr. Ortiz, why isn’t the question that you’re presenting academic in this case?”
Justice Scalia asked: “Then why not leave it there? If that’s what the agency is—”
Justice Sotomayor asked: “Mr. Garre, there is one BSU internal document that— a note to the file by a—”
Justice Kagan asked: “Mr. Garre, could I ask you about that?”
What the Court decided
Why it matters
Terms to know
No glossary terms are available for this guide.
Primary sources
Read the source materials on the official site or open the immutable repository copy used for this guide.
- 5223d577adaa030dc620-r1-596c7b8d127494f1.pdforal argument transcript
Guide generated September 24, 2026. Automated validation accepted this version.