This educational guide is based on the linked primary sources. It is not a Court publication, is not affiliated with the Court, and is not legal advice.
In brief
Overview
Background and question before the Court
Justice Alito asked a question of Mr. Clement during oral argument.
Justice Scalia asked a question of Mr. Kneedler during oral argument.
Justice Breyer asked a question of counsel before the argument concluded.
What each side argues
What happened at oral argument
Justice Alito asked a question of Mr. Clement during oral argument.
Justice Scalia asked a question of Mr. Kneedler during oral argument.
Justice Breyer asked a question of counsel before the argument concluded.
What the Court decided
Why it matters
Terms to know
No glossary terms are available for this guide.
Primary sources
Read the source materials on the official site or open the immutable repository copy used for this guide.
- 011d51c1f8e8a98e9acb-r1-73f8f2bd68b81ad9.pdforal argument transcript
Guide generated September 24, 2026. Automated validation accepted this version.