This educational guide is based on the linked primary sources. It is not a Court publication, is not affiliated with the Court, and is not legal advice.
In brief
Overview
Background and question before the Court
What each side argues
Petitioners (Crawford et al.)
Source-limited. The record does not yet support a complete account.
State of Indiana (Marion County Election Board)
According to State of Indiana, the state explains that a voter can register by providing a utility bill with name and address; if the voter lacks a photo ID, they may provide the last four digits of their Social Security number, and if that is also unavailable, the state will assign a number and mail it to the voter.
What happened at oral argument
According to Chief Justice Roberts, chief Justice Roberts announced the arguments for Cases 07-21 and 07-25.
Justice Scalia asked about the standing of the complainants.
According to Justice Alito, justice Alito inquired about the prevalence of voter‑ID laws in other countries and the recommendation of a federal commission co‑chaired by former President Carter and former Secretary of State Baker.
According to Justice Scalia, justice Scalia questioned why a facial challenge was appropriate, noting that typically a facial challenge requires showing that there is no situation in which the law can be constitutionally applied.
What the Court decided
Why it matters
Terms to know
No glossary terms are available for this guide.
Primary sources
Read the source materials on the official site or open the immutable repository copy used for this guide.
- e33751e360a51dadf2b2-r1-0a287ec028c7dc05.pdforal argument transcript
Guide generated September 22, 2026. Automated validation accepted this version.