This educational guide is based on the linked primary sources. It is not a Court publication, is not affiliated with the Court, and is not legal advice.
In brief
Overview
The case was submitted to the Court.
Background and question before the Court
Justice O'Connor asked, "Well, we can deal with that issue."
According to Question, a Justice asked, "Okay. You had -"
According to Question, a Justice asked, "Under your theory, you'd say -"
What each side argues
What happened at oral argument
Justice O'Connor asked, "Well, we can deal with that issue."
According to Question, a Justice asked, "Okay. You had -"
According to Question, a Justice asked, "Under your theory, you'd say -"
What the Court decided
Why it matters
Terms to know
No glossary terms are available for this guide.
Primary sources
Read the source materials on the official site or open the immutable repository copy used for this guide.
- 01cf8ad4c9ac29a5a8d4-r1-e5201430d0e7c224.pdforal argument transcript
Guide generated September 20, 2026. Automated validation accepted this version.