This educational guide is based on the linked primary sources. It is not a Court publication, is not affiliated with the Court, and is not legal advice.
In brief
Overview
Background and question before the Court
During oral argument, a Justice asked, “By DOI, Department of the Interior?”
What each side argues
Petitioners’ Position
The petitioners argue that the tribe is not an agency.
What happened at oral argument
During oral argument, a Justice asked, “By DOI, Department of the Interior?”
The petitioners argue that the tribe is not an agency.
What the Court decided
Why it matters
Andrew M. Hitchings noted that there is a consequence to the issue.
Terms to know
No glossary terms are available for this guide.
Primary sources
Read the source materials on the official site or open the immutable repository copy used for this guide.
- 3f080032600c7da8a624-r1-1f011f40d1b9400b.pdforal argument transcript
Guide generated September 19, 2026. Automated validation accepted this version.